![]() ![]() For this reason it is widely used as body trim on automobiles and other vehicles. When deposited electrolytically, chromium provides a hard, corrosion-resistant, lustrous finish. Because of its hardness, an alloy of chromium, cobalt, and tungsten is used for high-speed metal-cutting tools. In the stainless steels, chromium makes up 10 percent or more of the final composition. The addition of chromium imparts hardness, strength, and corrosion resistance to the alloy. The chief use of chromium is to form alloys with iron, nickel, or cobalt. It is an ingredient in several important catalysts. More than half the production of chromium goes into metallic products, and about another third is used in refractories. The Cr-Cr bond distance in a range of these quadruply bonded species has been found to vary between 195-255 pm. Each Cr(II) ion has 4 d electrons but the complex is found to be diamagnetic which is explained by the formation of a quadruple bond between the two metal ions. 2H 2O is an example of a Cr(II) complex which is reasonably stable in air once isolated. See the laboratory manual for this course for a range of other Cr(III) complexes for which you should know the structure. ![]() This allows a small amount of the Cr(II) ion to be formed, which is very labile but unstable with respect to oxidation back to Cr(III).
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